Wednesday, November 25, 2015
Thursday, November 12, 2015
https://books.google.com/books?id=9551CgAAQBAJ&lpg=PA357&dq=water%20supernatural%20phenomena&pg=PA357#v=onepage&q=water%20supernatural%20phenomena&f=false
Generations of Victims: Bhopal's Unending Catrastrophe
Thirty years after the worst chemical accident in history, the disaster is hitting a new generation. The victims have received little help, professional clean-up has not happened and there are no signs the ongoing environmental catastrophe will end.
When the monsoon washes away the dust of the Indian summer from the landscape, huts and people of Bhopal, the dry basin behind the slum of J.P. Nagar turns into a lake. Laughing children swim in it, fishermen wait for the telltale tug on their lines to signal a catch, and buffalos greedily devour the succulent stems of water lilies.
Gordian Knot From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Gordian Knot (disambiguation). Alexander cuts the Gordian Knot, by Jean-Simon Berthélemy (1743–1811) The Gordian Knot is a legend of Phrygian Gordium associated with Alexander the Great. It is often used as a metaphor for an intractable problem (disentangling an "impossible" knot) solved easily by cheating or "thinking outside the box" ("cutting the Gordian knot"): "Turn him to any cause of policy, The Gordian Knot of it he will unloose, Familiar as his garter" (Shakespeare, Henry V, Act 1 Scene 1. 45–47)
Craterus Craterus (†320): Macedonian army commander, one of the leading generals of Alexander the Great. Map of the Achaemenid Empire with Persian names Map of the Achaemenid Empire with Persian names Craterus was born as the son of a Macedonian nobleman named Alexander, in Orestis (the mountainous 'lake district' between modern Greece and Albania). His career started as commander of one of the phalanx brigades. In this capacity, he was present during the battle near the river Granicus (June 334), where Alexander and Parmenion defeated the Persian satraps of Asia Minor. He must have been a capable commander (or knew how to deal with his king), because in November 333, during the battle near Issus (text), he commanded not only his own brigade, but the complete phalanx and all infantry on the left wing. This meant that only Parmenion, the commander of the left wing as a whole, was between him and Alexander. During the naval attack on Tyre, he commanded the ships on the left wing. Probably, this was because Parmenion was away; there are no indications that Craterus had surpassed his former superior, because during the battle of Gaugamela (1 October 331), Craterus was again Parmenion's inferior. During this battle, he was, again, commander of a phalanx battalion, of the phalanx and all infantry on the left wing (more).
Chaeronea Once the battle had started, the battalions of hoplites -or, as they were now called, pezhetairoi, "foot companions"- forced the enemy to stay at the same place ("to hold 'em by the nose"), while the cavalry attempted to break though the lines of the enemy and tried to reach their rear ("kick 'em in their balls"). Battle had by now become a very flexible affair. At Chaeronea (338), the main cavalry units were on the left wing and the phalanx advanced obliquely; at Issus (333), the phalanx was a straight line and the main cavalry unit, commanded by Philip's son Alexander the Great, was on the right wing.
Issus (Kinet Höyük) Issus (Hittite Izziya, Greek ᾽Ἱσσός): town in southern Turkey, best known for the famous battle in November 333 BCE, in which Alexander the Great defeated Darius III Codomannus. The town has been identified with the ruins near modern Kinet Höyük.
Phalanx and Hoplites | |
 Hoplites on the Monument of the Nereids from Xanthus(Turkey), now in the British Museum | Phalanx: ancient Greek expression to signify an organized, dense line of battle; the heavily armed infantry soldiers were known as hoplites.
Although representations of soldiers in densely packed battle lines date back to the third millennium BCE in the ancient Near East, the word phalanx is usually used to describe Greek armies. The first Greek author to use the word φαλαγξ is Homer, and in his poems it means something like an organized battle line. This is remarkable because in Homer's poems, warriors fight individual combats whereas the soldiers in a phalanx (the hoplites) fight as a group. However, it is reasonably clear that Homer's duels were in his age already becoming anachronistic.https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=tr&u=http://www.asiklihoyuk.org/&prev=search
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"It's all a Matter of Thyme" · Post
RussianAlexandria near Issus: town, founded by Alexander the Great or one of his Successors, modern Iskenderun.
Alexander the Great founded Alexandria near Issus probably almost immediately after the Battle of Issus (November 333) on the site of the camp of Parmenion, where the advance of the Macedonian army to the battlefield had started. The site controls the coastal road and the "Syrian Gate" leading to the plain of Sochi (and beyond to the Euphrates andMesopotamia); it also boasts an excellent harbor.
The identification of this city with modern Iskenderun is certain and the oldest archaeological remains appear to date back to the last quarter of the fourth century BC. Still, it is a bit troubling that our sources do not mention that Alexander ordered the construction of this city. It may have been founded by one of the Successors.
Alexandria was a successful city that soon eclipsed nearby Issus, which was abandoned before 50 BCE. The nearest remaining competitor was Seleucia, the port of Antioch; both cities were founded by Seleucus I Nicator. In the first year of the Laodicean (or Third Syrian) War (246-241), Seleucia was captured by the Ptolemaic king Ptolemy III Euergetess, while Antioch remained in Seleucid hands. This offered a boost to Alexandria, but when Seleucia was reconquered in 219 by Antiochus III the Great, it soon eclipsed its rival.
A satellite photo of Iskenderun can be seen here.
(from the article `Belarus`) Ethnic Belarusians make up more than three-fourths of the country`s population. Russians, many of whom migrated to the Belorussian S.S.R. in the ... Russians entered the province at the end of the 19th and in the early 20th centuries. A great number of émigrés arrived after the Bolshevik ... ...Found on http://www.britannica.com/eb/a-z/r/80
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